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1639 Genetic Cloning: Techniques and Their Application. As we slouch towards the millennium, science fiction is rapidly becoming science reality. The creation of Dolly in Scotland marked not only an exciting moment in the history of genetics but a problematic one. As we move closer and closer to being able to genetically replicate not only sheep but humans, it is important to look at the big picture. This paper will look at what is involved in cloning, new techniques and their application to science, in addition to some of the potential ramifications of these experiments. 7.5 pgs. 5 f/c. 7b.
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1952 The Ethics of Organ Donation. The purpose of this essay will be to determine what ethical basis, if any, exists for the practice of organ donation. What is the ethical justification for these processes of consent? Part of the answer to this question lies in the manner in which we view the communities in which we live; a view which also entails a concept of justice and sense of moral obligation. 4 pgs. 3 f/c. 4b.
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1980 Primates in Biomedical Research. There are a number of ethical questions regarding the use of animals for biomedical research and particularly the use of the primates who are closest to humans genetically and who have been shown to have capacity for language and reason. Even if it is determined that humans have the right to use animals to further their own purposes then the question arises as to when and for what reason is the suffering or death of an animal justified. Also there is great debate on the validity of research that rests on the premise that primates such as chimps are close enough to humans to give accurate information. As new methods such as computer modeling and cell and tissue cultures are developed, they are showing higher levels of accuracy for some tests. These are only a few of the many questions facing anyone who is considering a stand on the issue of using primates or other animals in biomedical research. 8 pgs. 14 f/c. 12b.
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3748 Should corporations be allowed to patent life forms or parts thereof? Advances in molecular biology and genetic engineering have made it possible to design, develop and create new life forms. Various life forms of this nature have been patented and the practice continues to expand. This paper examines the implications of two popular applications for genetically modified organisms (GMOs): agriculture and human gene therapy. 10 pgs. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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3778 Cloning Sheep: Dolly And Its Implications For Science. This paper investigates the scientific feat of 'Dolly', the lamb cloned from an adult ewe in Scotland in 1996. It outlines the process of how the cloning was carried out, and thereafter, discusses the ethical and moral debates evoked by the cloning process in general. If sheep, and now mice, frogs and cows, have been cloned, can humans be far behind? The paper touches on these ethical and scientific debates. It also touches on political implications of cloning, as well as some of the positives for medicine and science more broadly. 6 pgs. Bibliography lists 8 sources.
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3928 Science vs. Spiritualism: DNA Testing of Native American Remains. This 8-page, 6-source piece analyzes the controversy over DNA testing. The author uses the very recent case of Kennewick Man, the 9,300 year old remains to discuss some of the issues involved. While science can learn a great deal from studying such remains, Native Americans are opposed to such testing because they feel it violates their beliefs. They do not like the idea of scientists studying and classifying remains, as they feel such studies are often racially motivated and damages their chances of reclaiming artifacts under the North American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act of 1990. While the Kennewick Man case ended up in court, DNA testing proceeded and failed to uncover any conclusive results, resulting in the return of the artifacts to five Native American tribes. Cases such as Kennewick Man and a similar aborigine case in Australia have no easy answers; however, non-destructive testing may allow for less invasive treatment of human remains. In any case, the decision to test remains should be left to Native American descendants, not government committee. 8 pgs. Bibliography lists 6 sources.
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9017 Genetic Research And Ethical Issues. This four-page undergraduate paper focuses on the ethical and moral issues involved in the mapping of human genome. The genetic research aims at minimizing the risk of genetic disorders but people argue that this research does not take into account the issue of human dignity. 4 pgs. Bibliography lists 4 sources.
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